The clinical spectrum of merscov infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multiorgan failure. Crystal structure of middle east respiratory syndrome. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Dromedary camels, hosts for merscov, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission. Middle east respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus wikipedia. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov primary care algorithm. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov on this page background recommendations preparedness home care and isolation or quarantine guidance updated june 2015 background preventing transmission of respiratory pathogens including merscov in hospitals requires the application of infection control procedures and. Infection, immunological response, and vaccine development ayman mubarak,1 wael alturaiki,2 and maged gomaa hemida 3,4 1department of botany and microbiology, college of science, king saud university, saudi arabia. From 1 december 2019 through 31 january 2020, the national ihr focal point of saudi arabia reported 19 additional cases of merscov infection, including 8 associated deaths. As of august 17 2015, 1432 laboratoryconfirmed cases of infection with merscov, including at least 507 deaths, have been confirmed worldwide. Includes disease information, the purpose of reporting and surveillance, legal reporting requirements, and resources such as case definition, reporting form, surveillance and reporting guideline, and more. In 2012, a novel human coronavirus emerged and was tentatively named middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov. Middle east respiratory syndrome related coronavirus mers cov, or emc2012 hcovemc2012, is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels.
The high mortality rate of mers cov focused attention on the ecology. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is the latest emerged coronavirus causing severe respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate in humans. As of august 17 2015, 1432 laboratoryconfirmed cases of infection with mers cov, including at least 507 deaths, have been confirmed worldwide. This test detects middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov, formerly known as novel coronavirus 2012 or ncv2012, in patients with signs and symptoms of mers and appropriate risk factors. Mers cov is transmitted sporadically from dromedary camels to humans and occasionally through humantohuman contact. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov summary of current situation july 2019 3 of 10 testing on samples collected returned a positive result for merscov on 21 august 2018. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection. Most mers patients developed severe respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in people. Similar to the first decade of the new millennium, during which the world witnessed the devastating outbreak of sars caused by sarscov, the beginning of the second decade was plagued by the emergence of another novel cov, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov, that has caused an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in the. An unexpected outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the republic of korea, 2015. Dromedary camels, hosts for mers cov, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of transmission is unknown. Please refer to the following phac website for up to date public information regarding merscov, including public and travel health notices, frequently asked questions and. The pcr is performed on a sample of respiratory secretions or blood.
Merscov background as of january 1, 2017 middle east respiratory syndrome mers is caused by a distinctive coronavirus merscov first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infection causes a spectrum of respiratory illness, from asymptomatic to mild to fatal. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory illness. Feb 27, 2019 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel singlestranded, positivesense rna betacoronavirus merscov. Aug 02, 2019 middle east respiratory syndrome mers is viral respiratory illness that is new to humans. Previous studies suggested dromedary camels were a reservoir for this virus. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a newly recognized beta coronavirus that was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia.
Hospitalassociated middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. The infecting virus is an enveloped, positivesense, singlestranded rna virus which enters its host cell by binding to the dpp4 receptor. To date, the affected countries in the middle east include egypt, iran, jordan, kuwait, lebanon. May 23, 2014 update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov marion kainer md, mph, fracp, fshea director, healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial resistance program tennessee department of health hai. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. California department of public health january 2019 middle. This virus was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. The species is a member of the genus betacoronavirus and. Based on its genome sequence, the virus has been classified within lineage 2c of the genus betacoronavirus. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus an overview. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov overview. We tested for the presence of mers cov in dromedary camels from a farm in qatar linked to two human cases of the infection in october, 20. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov first emerged in late 2012.
The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a novel enzootic betacoronavirus that was first described in september 2012. Middleeast respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Although mers is endemic to the middle east, travelers have. Changes to sampling for mers cov testing who advice on clinical management summary as of 7 july 20, a novel coronavirus, termed middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov had been identified in 80 patients in or from saudi arabia, jordan, qatar, the united arab emirates uae, uk, france, italy, germany, tunisia, jordan. Summary of current situation, literature update and risk assessmentas of 5 february 2015 as of 5 february 2015, 971 laboratoryconfirmed cases of human infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov have been reported to who, including at least 356. Merscov is transmitted sporadically from dromedary camels to humans and occasionally through humantohuman contact. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a novel coronavirus known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality. Most people infected with mers cov developed severe respiratory illness, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Since then, cases of mers have been identified in jordan, qatar, the united arab emirates, kuwait, oman, tunisia, germany, france, the united. Merscov was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection causes a spectrum of respiratory illness, from asymptomatic to mild to fatal. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or mers. It is different from other coronaviruses that have previously been found in humans.
Impact of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel singlestranded, positivesense rna betacoronavirus mers cov. It is caused by a virus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or merscov. In september 2012, the acute viral respiratory disease known as middle east respiratory syndrome mers was first reported in saudi arabia. Currently, pcr testing of specimens for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is available in wisconsin only at the wisconsin state laboratory of hygiene wslh and at the cdc. Mers is caused by a novel virus currently named mers coronavirus merscov 1, 2.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. If tolerated, ask patient to wear a fluid resistant for a possible case, patients must fulfil the conditions 1, 2 or 3. Who middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. The emergence of a novel human coronavirus recently renamed the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov from the arabian peninsula has created global alarm because it is the causative agent of a severe and frequently fatal acute respiratory illness sari resembling the illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome sars coronavirus sarscov. Comparative analysis of eleven healthcareassociated outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov from 2015 to 2017. Since april 2012, 536 laboratoryconfirmed cases of human infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov have. Cov that was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a new human disease that was first reported from saudi arabia in september 2012, after identification of a novel coronavirus cov from a male saudi arabian patient who died from severe pneumonia. To better understand the disease caused by mers cov, we developed a rhesus macaque model. Interim local health departments merscov investigation short form pdf. The disease is typically more severe in those with other health problems. Jan 22, 2020 the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov was first discovered in 2012 in a patient who died from severe respiratory disease. Fact sheet about middle east respiratory syndrome mers.
As of january 2016, 1,633 laboratoryconfirmed cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection and 587 mersrelated deaths have been reported by the world health organization globally. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory disease caused by a newly recognized middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Since then, and as of 16 january 2020, 2 521 cases have been reported worldwide, including 919 deaths crude case fatality 36%. Korean society for healthcareassociated infection control and prevention. Worldwide reduction in mers cases and deaths since 2016 8 july 2019 who and colleagues from the university of oxford, imperial college london and institut pasteur have estimated that, since 2016, 1,465 cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov and between 300 and 500 deaths may have been averted due to accelerated global efforts to detect infections early and reduce. Following identification of the virus a subsequent case from qatar who was being treated in the uk was identified 2. The syndrome was termed middle eastern respiratory syndrome mers and testing. The middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a novel lethal zoonotic disease of humans caused by the mers coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a new human disease that was first reported from saudi arabia in september 2012, after identification of a novel coronavirus cov from a male saudi arabian patient who died from severe pneumonia. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov remains a threat to public health worldwide.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. It is caused by a virus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or mers cov. Infection of rhesus macaques with mers cov resulted in the rapid development of a. It was first reported in saudi arabia in 2012 and has since spread to several other countries, including the united states.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a newly recognized beta coronavirus that was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. Remdesivir rdv is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against rna viruses, including sars cov and middle east respiratory syndrome mers cov. Most cases have been reported from the arabian peninsula and around 84% specifically from saudi arabia, and all cases. April 30, 2014 1 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov johns hopkins ofice of critical event preparedness. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers, also known as camel flu, is a viral respiratory infection caused by the merscoronavirus merscov. Home care for patients with middle east respiratory. Mers is caused by a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov page 2 of 2 michigan department of community health bureau of laboratories 1052012 any person including a healthcare worker or family member who provided care for the patient, or. The middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a novel lethal zoonotic disease of humans caused by the mers coronavirus mers cov. Although about 30% of cases are fatal, mild and asymptomatic infections have been reported. Current epidemiologic evidence supports a major role in. To better understand the disease caused by merscov, we developed a rhesus macaque model. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel singlestranded, positivesense rna beta coronavirus merscov.
Since april 2012 and as of 7 march 2015, 1 082 cases including 439 deaths of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov have been reported by local health authorities worldwide. Current epidemiologic evidence supports a major role in transmission for direct contact with live. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an illness caused by a virus more specifically, a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Please refer to the following phac website for up to date public information regarding merscov, including public and travel health notices, frequently asked questions and links to other sources of information. First cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infections in france, investigations and implications for the prevention of humantohuman transmission, france, may 20. Most cases have been reported from the arabian peninsula and around 84%. Home care for patients with middle east respiratory syndrome. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov what is mers cov, and where is it found. Impact of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers. Infection of rhesus macaques with merscov resulted in the rapid development of a.
The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is the latest emerged coronavirus causing severe respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate in humans. This assay is distributed by the cdc to qualified laboratories. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. Information about middle east respiratory syndrome mers what is mers. Remdesivir rdv is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against rna viruses, including sarscov and middle east respiratory syndrome merscov. Rdv is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of rnadependent rna polymerases rdrps.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov july 20 this issue presents descriptions of the assays for laboratory confirmation of merscov infections, case reports from the united kingdom, germany and france documenting the related contact investigations, public health measures and more. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus may occur sporadically in communities or may be transmitted within families or hospitals. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory illness. Comparative analysis of eleven healthcareassociated outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov from 2015 to 2017. Since its emergence, a total of 2279 patients from 27 countries have been infected across the globe according to a world health organization who report feb. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov what is merscov, and where is it found. Updated information on the epidemiology of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infection and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities, 201220. Home care for patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 3 detergent, and dry thoroughly. A s imilar pattern has been observed in previous years.
The incidence of cases has bee n rising in the arabian peninsula in the past month. Since the viruss first discovery in 2012, there have been a total of 1733. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov summary of current situation july 2019 3 of 10 testing on samples collected returned a positive result for mers cov on 21 august 2018. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov quicksheet. Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe the chest ct findings in seven patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov infection. This test detects middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov, formerly known as novel coronavirus 2012 or ncv2012, in patients with signs and symptoms of mers and appropriate risk factors. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a lineage c betacoronavirus found in humans and camels that is different from the other human betacoronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, oc43, and hku1 but closely related to several bat coronaviruses. Home care for patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 3 detergent, and dry thoroughly. Similar to the first decade of the new millennium, during which the world witnessed the devastating outbreak of sars caused by sars cov, the beginning of the second decade was plagued by the emergence of another novel cov, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov, that has caused an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in the. Middle east respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus. Changes to sampling for mers cov testing who advice on clinical management summary as of 7 july 20, a novel coronavirus, termed middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov had been identified in 80 patients in or from saudi arabia, jordan, qatar, the united arab emirates uae, uk, france, italy, germany, tunisia, jordan. Cov helicase is one of the three evolutionary most conserved proteins in nidoviruses, thus making it an important target for drug development.
Dromedary camels, hosts for merscov, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of transmission is unknown. Pdf middle east respiratory syndromecoronavirus merscov is a novel coronavirus discovered in 2012 and is responsible for acute respiratory. It is an rna virus, with positive sense, singlestranded rna genomes of 30. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with mers have died. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. The first case of a novel coronavirus, now called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov, was identified in a patient with acute pneumonia and renal failure in jeddah, kingdom of saudi arabia ksa in june 2012 1. The patient was treated and recovered, contacts were identified and followed and no further cases were identified by authorities in the united kingdom. Do not shake soiled laundry and avoid direct contact of the skin and clothes with the contaminated materials. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is viral respiratory illness that is new to humans. Merscov is a coronavirus cov which causes middle east respiratory syndrome mers, a severe respiratory disease, in humans. Mar 02, 2016 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a novel coronavirus known to cause severe acute respiratory illness associated with a high risk of mortality. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov.
Most people infected with merscov developed severe respiratory illness, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers, also known as camel flu, is a viral respiratory infection caused by the mers coronavirus mers cov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary. Middle east respiratory syndrome related coronavirus merscov, or emc2012 hcovemc2012, is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov was first discovered in 2012 in a patient who died from severe respiratory disease. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov marion kainer md, mph, fracp, fshea director, healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial resistance program tennessee department of health hai. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov who. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission. Information and resources for public health and healthcare professionals on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a virus that affects the respiratory system of patients.
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